What features should you inspect in a GMAW bead to assess quality?

• A. Bead width, height (convexity), penetration, uniformity, lack of porosity, and consistent ripple pattern
• B. Bead width only
• C. Bead length only
• D. Bead color and shine

Answer: (C)

Assessing a GMAW bead quality hinges on observing several key features that reflect proper control of heat input, fusion, and shielding. Look at bead width and the height of the reinforcement (convexity) to judge whether the bead sits correctly on the joint and provides appropriate reinforcement without excessive buildup. Ensure there is sufficient penetration so the weld fuses with the root of the joint, but not so deep that it risks burn-through. Check the uniformity along the seam—consistent width, height, and bead shape indicate stable current, travel speed, and technique. Porosity should be absent or minimal; lack of porosity points to proper shielding gas coverage and clean base material. Finally, a smooth, consistent ripple pattern along the bead signals steady travel and a stable arc. Bead length alone does not reliably indicate quality, since it depends on joint length and setup, whereas these other indicators give a fuller picture of weld integrity.